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1楼主 求英语达人2008/9/8 20:14:00
Substantive + law consists of the statutory and case law setting forth rights and obligations upon which a controversy is based,whereas procedural
or adjective law states the rules by? which a person can secure his or her substantive rights.Thus procedural law consists of the rules of procedure or practice according to which the substantive law is administered.Procedural law deals with pleadings ,which are papers that pass between the parties;practice,which refers to the conduct of litigation ;and evidence,or the admissibility of evidence to achieve fairness while avoiding unnecessary expense or delay.
Although procedural law does not state the law,it
outlines the procedures that must be followed in applying the substantive law.Procedural law enables the
attorney to decide whether a case should go to federal
or state court.It will tell the attorney when a lawsuit
must be started,what pleadings are required of all
parties,and what kind of evidence can be presented at
trial.Procedural law can be as important as the
substantive law in determining the outcome of a case
because a case may be thrown out if the proper
procedures are not followed.
2 |||2008/9/8 20:32:00
实体法包括法规与案例法，当纠纷产生时提供义务与责任的依据，而程序法则表明当事人可以获得的实体权益。因此，程序法包括了程序规则，因此来决定实体法将如何运作。程序法包括处理起诉程序，包括双方交换各种文件；辩护；证据以及如何在得到公正的同时减少不必要的拖延来取得适当证据。尽管程序法不提供具体法律，它列出了必须遵从的司法程序。程序法帮助律师决定案例是否应上诉联邦法庭或州法庭，双方需要怎样的诉讼程序，上庭时需要的各类证据。程序法与实体法同样决定了案子的判决结果，不遵从程序法将可能导致案子不予审理。
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